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Paper is defined internationally as a thin layer of mostly cellulosic plant fibers, produced on a sc reen by dewatering a slurry of fibers in water . The slurry is called pulp. Despite recent developments (proteinic or synthetic fibers, chemical additives, coating, etc.) the “cellulosic plant fiber” will be the main, not exclusive, component of paper, and water will be used in preparing the pulp and in forming the paper web also in the future. |
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Papermaking today includes, in principle, the same process steps as applied for centuries: preparation of the fiber material, sheet or web forming, pressing, drying, sizing and smoothing. However, in the last two centuries much of the detail has changed. Each process step has undergone – and still undergoes today – intensive research and development work to meet economic and ecological requirements. All links in the chain between fiber and end user contribute to this progress. |
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The history of paper is also the history of human culture and civilization. The Egypti ans, Greeks and Romans wrote on “papyrus”, a paper-like material. Today’s kind of paper was first developed and used in China. Paper was the most important carrier of information in the past. It was only with increasing paper production that the transfer of knowledge, education and information to a larger portion of society became possible. With paper emperors were able to administrate large empires more easily. In former times paper was a valuable product, and paper making an art – an art that was often kept secret because of the outstanding advantages of the product. |
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